The evaluation of the social value of fossil and alternative fuels Essay

The evaluation of the social value of fossil and alternative fuels (hybrid) and the use of unleaded petrol - Essay Exampleans in discovering alternative forms of energy, such as solar energy, hydrogen energy, etc that seem to affect the social value of fossil fuels adversely (Foster & Witcher, pp. 39-51, 2009). However, fossil fuels continue to enjoy their scotch importance despite of such adverse effects.In particular, this paper will focus on social value of the fossil fuels, as well as alternative fuels along with some light on the unleaded petrol that has becoming common in various countries around the globe due to its associated benefits. In order to evaluate social value of fuels, it is very important to understand the meaning of this notion. According to experts (OECD, pp. 10-13, 2006), social value is an entity that indicates a product or proceedss benefit in line with the well-being of citizens of the society. In addition, social capital is one of the major aspects of soci al value that relates to the goodwill and trust that an ecesis or a product acquired during a period of various years.From this understanding, it will now be easier to evaluate social value of the fuels that seem evident from results of the distinct researches. In specific, fossil fuels are playing an imperative role in the human society however, at the same time, its social value seems to diminish either day and every year due to a number of factors. According to the social value theory, that is the basic premise of evaluating social value, everything is connected to everything else (Kramer & Bazerman, pp. 55-63, 2009), and these connections allow the organisms to come upon some patterns that create the social value. From this principle, fossil fuels seem to be focusing on the necessity aspect of the human society however, at the same time, they fill been affecting the citizens with their increased costs and prospective adverse impacts associated with them that indicate lower social value of fossil fuels in the human society.One of the basic ways of evaluating social value of fossil

IT Department BTEC Essay Example for Free

IT Department BTEC EssayDescribe the various types of threats to organisations, systems and info P1 * Unauthorised access This category covers internal and external threats. inseparable threats be things such as Magic Disks A recovery or backup disk that has been modded to include viruses or key loggers. Man in the marrow attacks People extracting sensitive and confidential instruction whilst posing to be a customer, or a legitimate company. Implanting Key loggers Applications designed to record key strokes and trip them back to the literary hack. External threats are this such asViruses Rouge applications designed to damage or make a system vunerable Trojans Applications designed to infiltrate a system often by posing to be a harmless file or embedded into another file. Piggybacking A term given to tribe who use someone elses internet connection without authorisation. This is often undertaken by logging onto an un specifyd net utilisation without permission. Phi shing Attempting to fool a drug user into believing you are a legitimate service attempting to gain sensitive information. Damage to or destruction of systems or information.Damage to systems can occur when devices fail such as arduous drives failing or natural disasters occurring in the workplace that could result in damaged or destroyed places. Such as 1. Natural Disasters This refers to what happens when data is disjointed as a result of natural disasters such as earth-quakes, floods, tsunamis, terrorists, fires and such. 2. Malicious Damage This covers data that is lost, damaged, or stolen as a result of a hacker of some sort. A hacker can implant a virus onto a system in order to damage the system or manifestly steal data such as credit gameboard data. 3.Technical Failure Technical Failure covers when devices fail abruptly such a servers qualifying down, power supply failing, hard-drives crashing ect. 4. Human Errors is when someone makes a mistake which results in data be lost. Incidents such as people accidentally deleting files and pulling plugs and such. 5. larceny Theft occurs when criminals gain access to an office grammatical construction or other work environment and somatogeneticly steal hardware and other entities that have a significant impact on the company (such as data). Information security Information security refers to keeping sensitive data safe and confidential.An organisation would requirement to keep data complete, precise and up-to-date. data such as depository financial institution detail, blood types, addresses and other such information needs to be unplowed secure and confidential. Threats related to e-commerce There are various security threats related to E-commerce. As websites that sell goods online rely solely on the availability and accessibility of an online store, they need to underwrite the website is secure and not vulnerable to hackers. For example Denial of Service attacks could oppose potential custome rs from purchasing goods and thus forth lose sales.Another example is website daub which would to a fault repel potential customers from buying online. There is also a threat of hackers implementing the man in the middle technique on behalf of particular online retailers which fools customers in believing the hacker is a legitimate worker of the website, this method could result in the hacker exploiting the customer and thus gaining the website a bad theme. mould goods onomatopoetic goods effect creators, directors and artists as they cause a direct acquittance to potential income. Downloading counterfeit software, movies and music could result In a fine or lawsuit.Counterfeit goods are fair increasingly popular as the ease of ripping DVDs, Music and Software makes it easier to access. Counterfeit goods may cause loss of business for companies. The loss of business then results in businesses having to raise prices to make up for loss of profit. Organisational impact Security t hreats can cause loss or alteration of ingrained documents that the an organisation may need to function correctly. Loss of business followed by loss of income can also occur, this ultimately could result in bad reputation from potential customers.Systems going down could result in companies being unable to contact suppliers and customers. Circumstances of 4 security related threats on organisations p2 Phishing -This is the dish of gaining information from someone by pretending to be a legitimate worker for a company and retrieving information for legitimate reasons. Phishing could result in customer details being leaked, distributed, and exploited. This could badly reflect on the company and lose the company business and income. Denial of Service Denial of Service is a process that involves a hacker overloading a server which results in the server being forced to shut down.This could result in loss of potential customers and thus profit. Piggybacking Piggybacking is the proces s of development a company internet connection without having authorisation to use it. This can severely effect bandwidth and damage company productivity. Piggybacking could result in systems lagging and becoming slow, this would result in workers being unable to do there job efficiently and at an optimised pace. There is also a threat posed by people using a companies network to browse illegal content to which the company would have to take responsibility.Man in the middle attack This is the process of being directly involved in communicating with both parties, claming to be one another. The outcome is both parties believe they are speaking to eachother, but they are actually talking to someone else. This method results in the man in the middle acquiring sensitive information such as credit card details from either party. This could result in the middle man leaking sensitive customer information such as customer addresses and more importantly bank details.This could then result i n the company getting a bad reputation or being taken to court for breaching data protection. The man in the middle could also waste company time and as a result money. Countermeasures Implemented to reduce risk of damage to systems p3 p4 Countermeasures Vermason could implement to protect physical systems p3 CCTV This would work as both a visual deterrent to prevent thieves and vandals breaking into a building and causing damage or stealing systems and would also enable the company to keep an eye on potentially rouge employees that may steal data or embed viruses into systems.Sheilding Network Cables and Wirless Communications Data travelling via electro-magnetic or radio transmissions can be vulnerable to being remotely monitored because the copper data cable can be analysed to discover what data is travelling along the line. Fibre optic is the safest variation of network cabling and cables can be shielded to prevent data being tapped into. This would be a majuscule counterm easure to prevent sensitive data from being leaked or exploited. Intrusion Detection Systems Systems such as proximity alarms can prevent burglars breaking into a building and can be set-up to call the police upon break-in.This works as both a deterrent because warning potential burglars of alarms would prevent them from breaking in. And also as a countermeasure to attempt to catch anyone with malicious intent. Countermeasures Vermason could implement to protect network security p4 Backups Backups are an essential countermeasure in offices. If there was an electrical fire or other natural disaster that could result in loss of data, this would insure that all essential data such as databases the company requires to undertake work related tasks are still there aswell as contact, supplier and customer information so that they do not need to be re-acquired.Passwords Passworded systems can be implemented to secure individual workers within the company, it firstly provides an element of data security for each individual (eg sensitive information that may be kept on a user account) and also holds each user responsible for there own actions on the computer under there own user account. More importantly passwords ensure that only legitimate employees have access to important company files and other such potentially confidential information.Firewalls A firewall would prevent unauthorised access from outside the network. It does this by scanning data packets coming onto the computer and ensuring that they are safe, it also is responsible for actively preventing viruss such as Trojans being downloaded from the internet and onto the network computers. Installing a firewall would prevent hackers from accessing the network and stealing data or causing damage.

Punctuality and Correct Medical Aid Essay Example for Free

Punctuality and Correct Medical Aid EssayThe saying which goes A stitch in m saves nine is very truePunctuality is no doubt a virtue no man can submit to to lack. It is the simplest and easiest to acquire but at the same time really needed to succeed in life.Punctuality is the habit of doing things in time. It is a disciplinary military which contributes to the efficiency and success of both an individual and organization.A punctual person is always a step ahead of others . He is able to complete his assignments and maintain commitments which wins him the command and respect of all those who work with him .He becomes an asset and support in any field of life. He will be a sought afterwards member of any organization for the respect he has earned by his reliability and sense of discipline.Lessons of punctuality are introduced from the very birth of a child. Feeds are given punctually and so are medications. Schools , colleges also implement and enforce these in every possibl e way .Time tables, classes ,examinations all demand punctuality. A order which fails to de expectr goods or services in time or is unpunctual in collecting dues is also bound to fail one day or the other. In hospitals on some occassions punctuality may make all the difference between life and death . Forgetting to give a medicine or injection on time may take a life On the other hand bringing a patient and giving him the veracious medical aid in time will save a precious lifeHistory also shows how punctuality plays such an important use of goods and services even in war. General Neys unpunctuality ruined Napoleon and changed the course of European history.If we study the lives of some great people we find that punctuality was one of the pillars of their success. Professionals same(p) lawyers , doctors, teachers who have reached success are further respected when they keep their appointments and timely commitments . If we look around we shall see that sense of order and punctual ity is seen in personality too. The sun rises in the day , planets move in orbits, seasons keep their cycle teaching us the significance of time and punctuality in life.Today we live in a modern complex society where so many things are interdependent. It is essential for the smooth functioning that people recognise the need for punctuality. If trains and flights do not keep punctuality it can create such a mess and sometimes cause havoc and disaster or even accidents. In the age of rockets and moonlandings the importance of punctuality is felt even more. To organize events meetings and make them successful it is essential that all participants keep time and are punctual. Could big events kindred the Olympics be a success without punctualityWe should make a humble beginning and start incorporating punctuality in our lives in our day to day activities. Bed time and waking time , meal times if adhered to will help discipline us and tune our minds towards punctuality in other areas al so.Once disciplined and punctual a very different future welcomes you.One would surely realise that punctuality is the key to success and greatness in life.One step at a time but always on time..

Regional Geography Essay Example for Free

Regional Geography EssayThe reaction has been disjointed and slow, and results seen argon even harder to find. Hillstrom and Hillstrom agree that taint is a particularly insidious form of habitat degradation, fundamentally impacting fragile ecosystems in myriad ways, some of which are invisible to the naked eye (17), mentioning specifically acid rain, and farm pesticide use as a couple of the non so quickly identifiable sources of habitat degradation.The authors of World Regional Geography heighten out that Environmental degradation in one place is often the result of demands for resources or goods in other places, and air and water pollution apprise flow across borders(18). The authors also note that Small farms are now being replaced by corporate farms and high tech operations such as shrimp farms, most of which, ironically cause purlieual degradation and yet receive government assistance(19). Degradation also results when the vast expanses of concrete, in highly highl y-developed areas of urban sprawl, during heavy rains, sends tumultuous, unrestricted flow of groundwater to run amok.The water washes soil and impurities along with the run off, salts from road maintenance, as well as chemicals used by various processing plants. It is a vicious cycle, As economic prosperity expands, peoples consumption of goods and resources increases, and environmental degradation is usually the result, even when aware, to make the dollar, degradation processes are too often ignored as long as possible (20). Degradation can involve loss of plant life, and biodiversity, as well as pollution of soil and water sources.We need to become more active in defense of animal habitats, because realistically we too are animals, and the biodiversity that is important to wildlife, is every bit important to humans. (17) Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier. North America A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. edition illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003. P. 4 3. (18) Hapke Holly M, Goodwin Conrad Mac, Pulsipher Lydia Mihelic, Pulsipher Alex. World Regional Geography Global Patterns, Local Lives. Edition 3, illustrated, Published by Macmillan, 2005. p. 13. (19) Ibid. p. 169. (20). Ibid. P. 455. 7Johnson and Klemens warn us that Sprawl is leading(a) to the loss of rare and common species and possible species extinction. It is also leading directly to the loss of our natural environment, of ecosystem functioning(21). The ecosystem is a delicate balance, and we can not continue to disregard the warnings. If the ecosystem were to stop functioning the world could become a acquirement fiction movie stage. Imagine a world without birds and bees, our major natural pollinators, and the resulting plant species extinctions that would follow. Plant extinctions would be soon followed by animal extinctions, right on down the food chain.This stark truth could very well come true in the not so distant future, if humans do not make changes to accommoda te the animals we share the earth with. One of the biggest changes that could occur, that would help slow the detrimental progress of urban sprawl, would be to adopt more compact maturement planning. Instead of subdivisions spread across hundreds of acres, connected by a network of roads to the strip malls a a few(prenominal) miles in one direction, and the factories a few miles in the opposite direction, plan more considerately, keep the sprawl to a minimum.Also when in the planning process, demand developers leave larger buffer zones, as well as intact habitat corridors to allow wildlife unrestricted movement between the islands of adequate habitat. Stricter oversight, and regulation of corporations discharging waste into the environment is a must, for wildlife and their habitat, and for humans as well. It is a shame that in this age of technology, the scientific community seems to have thought of everything geared towards production and convenience, and yet neglected to foresee the destruction of our environment that has resulted.Works CitedEmel Jody, Wolch Jennifer. Animal Geographies Place, Politics, and Identity in the Nature-culture Borderlands, Edition illustrated, Published by Verso, 1998. Hapke Holly M, Goodwin Conrad Mac, Pulsipher Lydia Mihelic, Pulsipher Alex. World Regional Geography Global Patterns, Local Lives. Edition 3, illustrated, Published by Macmillan, 2005. Hillstrom Kevin, Hillstrom Laurie Collier. North America A Continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Edition illustrated, Published by ABC-CLIO, 2003.

Comparison Between Centralized and Distributed DBMS

Comparison Between Centralized and Distributed DBMS1- Comparison in the midst of concentrate and distributed DBMSThere are many aspect that let us make a comparison between modify and distributed DBMSDatabase precaution system is any software that manages and controls the storage, the organization, security, retrieval and integral of information in a specific infobase, whereas DDBMS consist of a single database that is divided into many fragments. to each one fragment is integrated on one or more computer and controlled by independent database (DBMS) (Connolly Begg, 2004).In centralized DBMS the data is distributed across the entanglement computers, and the data is stored on many sites and under the management responsibility of DDBMS. But in the DBMS data is stored and controlled in a central site.Both of DDBMS and centralized DBMS provide the access to database using the same interface, but for this function centralized DBMS faces less complication than DDBMS.For distribu ting data over network we peck give replication or fragmentation. The objective of replication and fragmentation is to make a transparency of this allocation to make the details of implementation hidden on accustomrs. In centralized DBMS is not need to make transparencies.In DDBMS design we raft find three issues which are not in centralized DBMS design. These issues are How to split the database to fragments, and fragments to replicate, and in which locate we can find these fragments.Consequently, centralized DBMS is less sophisticated than DDBMS because it not supports the organizational structure of todays wide distributed enterprises, and DDBMS more reactive and reliable (Blurtit, 2010).2- Advantages of DDBMSsThe DDBMS have many advantages over DBMS. We can gather them in the following pointsReflects organizational structure We can distribute the data base over any organization offices which has distributed locationsImproved shareability and local autonomy Users can use the data of other sites, which mean the data can be near of the users who use it. Also by this way the data can be controlled by the user.Improved availability Unlike centralized DBMS, the failure at one site or link of communication makes only some parts of system inaccessible, which means the entire system is still working.Improved reliability The replication system make the data exist in many site. So this envisions the possibility of accessing to this data if there is any failure happened.Improved performance We can improve the accessing speed to data base if we use remote centralized database. Also, there may not be same conflict for processor and using the services, like DBMS.Economics For making the organization systems more cost-effective to obtain separate computers, DBMS allows us to create systems of smaller computer, its power be the power of one large computer.Modular growth This one refers to the flexibility of DDBMS, where we can add a new site without any affects on the surgery of other sites.3- DisadvantagesComplexity The features of DDBMS like replication, availability flexibility make the implementation of DDBMS more complex than centralized DBMS.Cost The cost will increase collect to the complexity in DDBMS than centralized DBMS. It requires the maintenance and additional hardware to create a network between the posts.Security Unlike centralized system, access to data not only has to be secured, but the entire network also has to be made secure.Integrity control more difficult In a DDBMS, the costs of processing and communication that we have to make to implement integrity constraints may be prohibitive.Lack of standards Despite there is effective communication when we use DDBMS, There are no methodologies or tools to assist users convert a centralized DBMS into a distributed DBMS.Lack of experience Unlike what we have with centralized DBMSs, still our experiences are lack in industry of DDBMS.Database design more complex The design of DD MBS is more complex than centralized database, because the data fragmentation has to be implemented in this design, and also data replication, and fragments allocation to specific sites4- Possibility of using the replication serverThe replication is a mechanism enables the companies to provide their users accessing to legitimate data at the time they need it (Connolly Begg, 2004).The DreamHome attach to can use the replication server to enhance the dealing with requirements, because if it want to make any updates to a replication object at one site are will be applied to their copies at all other sites. Furthermore, replication server enables the beau monde users to replicate many objects, such as the tables and Functions and Procedures, Indexes, Views and Object Views, Packages and Package Bodies and so on (Urbano, 2003).Implementation of replication server can be useful. Because by it users can transfer data to any local site needs it. And the company can insure availability o f data and applications at all the time. Companies can insure that important applications are available at all times. Also, replication server allows any user access to its data from distance (DCI, 1996). So that it is possible to use server of replication in this company.Finally the recommendations that we can give this company areIts better to implement DDBM to manage the data of this company.If this company use same operating system like Windows or Linux, it is better to integrate Homogeneous DDBMS, because, Its design is easier than heterogeneous DDBMS, as well as data managing, also It helps the company to add new sites to DDBMS. As well as It allows augmented performance by using the parallel processing capability of multiple sites (Edward, 2007).ReferencesBlurtit, d. (2010). Ask it attend it. Retrieved April 11, 2010, from blurtit http//www.blurtit.com/q828920.htmlConnolly, T. M., Begg, C. E. (2004). Data base solution. A step by step guide to buildind database . England Pe arsoned.DCI, D. (1996). Replication, The Next Generation of Distributed Database Technology. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from DCIs Event Central http//www.dciexpo.com/geos/replica2.htmEdward, C. ( 2007, Novamber 05). Distributed DBMS Concepts and Design. Retrieved March 13, 2010, from SJSU segment of Computer Science http//www.cs.sjsu.edu/lee/cs157b/fall2003/Edward_Chen_Chapter%2022.ppt.Urbano, R. (2003). Oracle Database Advanced Replication. Oracl.

Brady V. Maryland 373 U.S. 83 (1963)

Brady V. Maryland 373 U.S. 83 (1963)The facts of this gaucherie is that John Brady and his companion, Donald Boblit are arrested and prosecuted for stumble in the first degree. John Brady testified stating that he was involved, but did not do the actual act of killing. Their trials were separated. John Brady and his brother-in-law programned on robbing a bank to jock support Brady and his wife, who was pregnant. John Brady and Donald Boblit were out on June 28, 1956 and planned on stealing the getaway car from someone that Brady k unexampled from his childhood. Boblit ended up hitting the man on the head with his shotgun and put him inside the trunk of the stolen car. The man was strangled to death and the issue of who did the actual strangling came about. Needless to say the men neer had the chance to rob the bank.They each had their own trial because prior to the trial John Bradys attorney make a request to see Donald Boblits statements that were given to the police. It was e rect that key pieces were withheld by the prosecution, which showed Boblit admitting to the murder. Boblit made 5 confessions, the first four confessions were him stating that Brady committed the murder and fifth one he had a completely different story. In the fifth confession he stated he was the one that killed the man. Only the first four confessions were turned over to Bradys attorney. John Bradys attorney stated that withholding exculpatory evidence violates due process. Bradys attorney did not notice until he had already been tried, convicted and sentenced. A newborn separate trial was done for Brady only to pass the type of punishment he should receive. Brady was still guilty and hoped he the jury would find him guilty of first degree murder, without capital punishment. (Brady v. Maryland 373 U.S. 83 (1963))The decision was made that both Mr. Donald Boblit and Mr. John Brady were found guilty of murder in the first degree and they were both sentenced to death.Jury decided that there was no confession or reasoning to killing a man, whether one decided to physically do it or that the other came up with the plan. And even though the original plan was just to rob someone, both actions are felonies. After both men went to prison, Brady received a new lawyer. This lawyer then proceeded to get Brady a new trial. A new trial on whether he was guilty or not, but a trial just for his punishment, which has never happened before. End result was that Brady was travel from death row into general population and the governor granted Brady clemency, and he was eventually released from prison after he served 18 years. (Brady vs Maryland, 2006)Giglio v. United States 405 U.S. 150 (1972)The facts of this case is the petitioner was convicted of forging money orders and petitioner needed to serve a five-year prison sentence. Later on it was discovered that that the get denied that there were no promises made for leniency. The witness lied on the stand during the cross examination. It was later found that there was a promise not to prosecute the witness. It was then asked for a new trial based upon new evidence, which in return was denied. (Giglio v. United States case brief, 1970)The issue that is clearly stated is that the failure to disclose the promise of leniency and the witness lying, affects the witnesss credibility. The court then decided to reverse and remanded the case for a new trial. (Giglio v. United States case brief, 1970)ResourcesBrady v. Maryland 373 U.S. 83 (1963). (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from https//supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/373/83/case.htmlBrady vs Maryland. (2006). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http//www.ipsn.org/court_cases/brady_v_maryland.htmL. (1970, January 01). Giglio v. United States case brief. Retrieved March 01, 2017, from http//www.lawschoolcasebriefs.net/2013/11/giglio-v-united-states-case-brief.htmlFindLaws United States Supreme Court case and opinions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 01, 2017, from h ttp//caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/405/150.html

Relationship Between Consumption And The Self Essay

Relationship Between Consumption And The Self EssayConsumption has always been an grave cyclorama of human baseball club, in different ways at different times and in different places (Clarke 2003). The consumer revolution, the birth of which is a subject of debates (McKendrick claims to have notice it in the eighteenth century England, Williams- in nineteenth century France, and Mukerji- in fifteenth and sixteenth century England), represents not just a change in tastes, preferences, and purchasing habits that a fundamental shift in the shade of the early modern and modern world. (McCracken 1988) The consumer revolution is seen to have changed western concept of time, space, society, the case-by-case, and the state. Western culture gradually became increasingly dependent on and integrated with the new consumer goods and practices, which appe bed from the sixteenth century onwards culture and inlet began to fashion their present kind of deeply complicated mutuality.(McCrack en 1988) In such a consumer culture, consumption has an important significance to the meaningful practices of peoples everyday purport. That is, they not only make their consumption choices from the products utilities but also from their emblematic meanings. Basically, consumption is employed not only to create and sustain self but to locate people in society as well. However, from a critical intend of view, seeking to create the self through symbolic consumption can also contribute to the enslavement of individuals in the tawdry world of consumption. The following paper seeks to explore the theoretical approaches regarding the relationship between consumption and the self.In the postmodern world Our Identity is moulded as consumers. (Sarup 1996, p.120)Living life to the full became increasingly synonymous with consumption. (Gabriel and Lang 1995, p.7)The construction of self in modern society is considered to be invariably linked to consumption. The modern society undoubtedly r epresents a consumer culture, where peoples life functions in the scope of consumption. (Firat and Venkatesh 1995) It is, peoples social arrangement in which the relation between lived culture and social resources, between meaningful ways of life and the symbolic and material resources on which they depend, is mediated trough markets .(Slater 1997, p.8) Hence consumption is of great importance to the allusive practice of individuals everyday life. Along with the creation and maintenance of the self, consumption is also employed in order to locate different individuals in society (Elliott 1994a). The various material goods that people buy, the nousls and beliefs they held show who they actually are and whom they come in with. Indeed, people consume various things not only for satisfaction of personal needs but also for creation of their self-creation projects (i.e. for guts of significance in their pastime of being ), which may be achieved symbolically through mundane consumption . The validity of this is confirmed by a goodish amount of literature. Lang and Gabriel argue that whether one and only(a) is feeling for happiness, identity, beauty, love , et cetera, there is a commodity somewhere which guarantees to prove it. In McCracken point of view, different products embody qualities that reach beyond their attributes or commercial value, which actor, they are capable of carrying and accommodating cultural meanings. Symbolically, people use these meanings in order to create cultural mood of the self, to obtain and maintain lifestyles, to represent social connections and to levy changes in society and the self. (McCracken 1988) In other words, people consume these cultural ideas in order to exist in this culturally composing world. McCracken (1988a, p. Xi) confirms the latter point without consumer goods, certain acts of self-definition and collective definition in this culture would be impossible.Shopping is not merely the acquisition of things it is t he buying of identity. (Clammer 1992, p. 223)Sartre (1998) argues that The bond of willpowers is an internal bond of being. (p. 588)He emphasizes on the idea that people come to know who they are trough what they possess. By actually observing their material possessions they structure and sustain a notion of existential self. The idea of seeing is of vital importance, because as Sartre states to see it is already to possess it. In itself it is already apprehended by sight as a symbol of being . Thus, when see a superb landscape, people are capable of obtaining a notion of possessing the given landscape, and then associating it with their sense of being . This idea illustrates how people acquire a feeling of existing trough window shopping alone. To have is to be concept is also asserted by Belk (1988) and Dittmar (1992). Dittmar (1992, p. 204-06) argues bodily possessions have socially constructed meanings this symbolic dimension of material objects plays an important role for the owner s identity. This suggests that material social reality in an integral, pervasive aspect of everyday social life, of constructing ourselves and others.Belk (1988) in his examination of the connection between having and being , states that it is a two-fold touch working in both directions respectively. Not only do people place their self-identities into their possession but they also integrate the latter into their identities that is mirrored in the so called self-extensions process (i.e. the extended self). As extension of the self, peoples possessions not only enable them to find their actual characters but to achieve or adjust their sense of continuity from the past. Thus, material possessions act as a potentiality to manage individual s life in its current course.As stated to a higher place to have is to be but to have also means to belong . Richins (1994, p. 523) states, Possessions are part of the social communication system and are sometimes actively used to communica te aspects of the self. Undoubtedly, when obtain personal possession that expresses peoples individual sense of identity and their sense of belonging to a group and collective identity. Material things encompass symbolic meanings, trough which a bridging of the self to others in society is possible. Dittmar (1992, p. 11) statesThe notion that we express our identity trough our material possessions, and make inferences about the identity of others, on the basis of what they possess, means that there must be socially material objects as symbolic manifestation of identity.Nowadays, people are able to use consumption symbolically in order to gain a considerable sense of belonging to various imagined communities (Anderson 1983) or different neo-tribes (Maffesoli 1988). Thus, people consume different products that add to the symbolic means of identification of the self, trough which they associate themselves emotionally with those sharing their lifestyles. (Gabriel and Lang 1995)Consumpti on, as it has been stated in the above paragraphs, provides people with symbolic meanings to construct their self and identity, but it also can imprison them to the superficial sense of self and the enduring consumption. Therefore, from a critical perspective, to have means to be enslaved.If I am what I have and if what I have is lost, who then am I? (Fromm 1976, p. 76)According to Fromm, seeking to obtain a sense of being trough having hides a risk of losing it since having may not stay permanently. Contrary, he raises the idea that people realize the self by giving and sharing practices, et cetera. To have contributes to peoples enslavement of their own possessions. (Fromm 1976) People become slaves (i.e. commodities) in the realm of goods (Giddens 1991). Faurschou (1987, p. 82) arguesPostmodernity is no time-consuming an age in which bodies produce commodities, but where commodities produce bodies bodies for aerobic, bodies for sport cars, bodies for vacations, bodies for Pepsi, for Coke, and of course bodies for fashion total bodies-a total look. The colonization of the body as its own yield/consumption machine in late capitalism is a fundamental theme of contemporary civilization.The belief that people are capable of exercising their license through certain choices seems unrealistic. Actually, we all not only follow lifestyles, but in an important sense are forced to do so-we have no choice but to choose (Gidddens 1991, p. 8). Also, Elliot (1994b) states that the pleasure, more specifically the immediate one derived from numerous consumption practices may imprison people in the scope of addictive consumption. Gergen (1991, p. 74-5) shows some apprehension over freedom of consumptionYet this same freedom ironically leads to a form of enslavement. Each new desire places its demands and reduces one s liberties. Liberation becomes a swirling vertigo of demands. Daily life has become a sea of drowning demands, and there is no shore in sigh.The will and fac ility to be more, to grow more, to accumulate more and more, and more results in suffering and self-destruction of the individual. The only possible way of letting go this degenerated cycle is to bring the idea that to be is merely an illusion. Consequently, people should let go of their will to be , leave alone the desire to have .Considering all that has been stated above in the current paper about relationship between self and consumption strongly confirms their cooperative coexisting within and in developed societies of the contemporary world. The consumer is seen as caught in a cultural project (McCracken 1988), which main purpose is to achieve a full completion of the self. The consumer machine provides individuals with the necessary cultural materials in order to rationalise their varying ideas about themselves and their social roles in society. All of their cultural notions are embodied in the symbolic nature of goods, and it is through their possession and practices that i ndividual understands the meaning in his own life. As Kavanaugh states, individuals in a society create themselves or define themselves culturally through the objectification of a culture s conceptual models in centrally prescribed phenomenal forms (McCracken 1988).It is through the systematic endowing of the meaningful properties of objects/goods that individual satisfied the opportunity and responsibility of self-definition. The logic and directions of this process of self and world construction through the nature of goods has been increasingly understudied and since recently it has been drawn accurate exploration. But which still needs further examination.